India court rules West Bengal Tata land move is legal

Wednesday, September 28, 2011 0 comments


A court in India has ruled that West Bengal's state government acted legally in reclaiming land where Tata Motors wanted to build its low-cost Nano car.

The 1,000-acre plot of land was acquired in 2006 by the state's former communist government and leased to the company for 99 years.

The new state government took back the land in June to return it to farmers.

Tata challenged the move in the high court in Calcutta and is expected to take its appeal to the Supreme Court.

The BBC's Rahul Tandon in Calcutta says that the case has been closely followed across India, which needs to free up land for industry if it wants to continue its economic growth.

But many farmers say that cannot happen at their expense, our correspondent says.

The high court ordered Tata Motors to remove all equipment from the factory at Singur, near Calcutta, within two months.

It ruled that the company was entitled to ask for compensation if any needed to be paid.

After months of violent protests, the company pulled out of West Bengal last year and shifted production to a new plant in the state of Gujarat.

In May, the Trinamul Congress party led by Mamata Banerjee trounced West Bengal's long-serving communist government on the promise that she would restore the land to the farmers.

Afghanistan: Eight police killed at Helmand checkpoint

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Eight Afghan policemen have been shot and killed in an attack on a checkpoint in the southern province of Helmand, officials say.

They say the attack was carried out by the Taliban near Lashkar Gah on Tuesday night. Three policemen were wounded and one is missing.

Some officials say that the attackers were helped by the missing policeman.

Lashkar Gah is one of seven initial areas where security has been handed from Nato to Afghan forces.

Foreign combat troops are due to withdraw from Afghanistan by 2014.

The BBC's Bilal Sarwary says that insurgents are trying to undermine the authority and lower the morale of Afghan security forces as the transition gets under way.

On Tuesday a suicide car bomber attacked a popular bakery in Lashkar Gah, killing at least five people.High profile attacks

"The Taliban had help from a policeman inside the checkpoint," a senior policeman in the area told the BBC.

"Our information shows that the attackers were helped by this officer. He may have even have removed the [firing] pin from a heavy machine gun. He has fled the checkpoint with his gun.
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"We are going to be looking for him. We have questioned two people who know him well.''

An Afghan intelligence official in the area told the BBC that the Taliban had managed to recruit the police officer some time ago.

"He did this for money because his record shows he was not a very religious person,'' the official said.

Correspondents say that in recent months Taliban militants have carried out several attacks, some of them high profile, by infiltrating the Western-trained Afghan security forces.

The bakery attack in Lashkar Gah took place close to police headquarters.

According to witnesses, police were buying bread when the attack took place. Two civilians were among the dead.

In a separate development, the New Zealand defence ministry has announced that a special forces soldier was killed in a gun battle with Taliban fighters during a special operation in the central province of Wardak.

Kosovo-Serbia talks off after renewed clashes

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EU-mediated talks between Serbia and Kosovo have been called off amid heightened tension in northern Kosovo.

The Serbian delegation was "not ready to proceed" with talks in Brussels, EU diplomat Robert Cooper said.

Talks had been postponed from Tuesday after 16 ethnic Serbs and four Nato peacekeepers were hurt in clashes in an ongoing dispute over border crossings.

Nato said troops had used tear gas and rubber bullets after pipe bombs were fired at positions in northern Kosovo.

However, Serbia called Nato's actions "absolutely unacceptable" and a hospital boss said six of the injured civilians had been shot with live rounds.

In his statement after the cancellation of talks, Mr Cooper said the border violence was "not part of the dialogue nor the subject of any separate negotiations with Serbia".

"The dialogue will continue when the Serbian side is ready to re-engage," he added.
Roadblocks bulldozedSerbia's chief negotiator, Borislav Stefanovic, said talks could not resume until the situation in northern Kosovo was resolved.

"Talking about the crossings is a priority for us right now, and there is no other topic except this one," Serbian news website B92 quoted him as saying.

Kosovan efforts to take control of border posts have been resisted by ethnic Serbs in the north of Kosovo, who refuse to recognise the sovereignty of the government in Pristina.

Previously, the border posts had been guarded by ethnic Serb members of the Kosovan police. The ethnic Albanian government suspected them of failing to implement customs controls.

Kosovan Serbs built roadblocks to prevent access to two contested border posts, and even built a new track into Serbia to circumvent the crossing at Jarinje.

Tuesday's violence flared when troops from Nato's K-For mission used bulldozers to remove the roadblock near the Jarinje border post.

The EU has called for the barricades to be dismantled.

On Wednesday K-For troops were reinforcing their positions at Jarinje, deploying armoured vehicles, sand bags and barbed wire, according to a Reuters eyewitness.

Shanghai subway crash: Media question safety standards

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Lapses which may have led to a crash on Shanghai's subway system have been criticised in Chinese state media.

The crash on Tuesday, which injured 284 people, happened when subway staff were directing trains using phones after the signal system failed.

"China should be more cautious and concentrated in avoiding risks," said the English-language Global Times in an editorial.

The crash comes months a train crash near Wenzhou city killed 40 people.

That sparked a wave of criticism - including in some state-media outlets - which suggested that Chinese authorities' thirst for development was putting safety at risk.

Tuesday's crash occurred at about 14:51 local time (06:51 GMT) following a signal system failure at a subway station on Line 10, Shanghai Shentong Metro Group said.That failure meant staff were directing trains by phone and the trains were running at slower than usual speeds, it said.

The subway train stopped and started before rear-ending another train near Shanghai's Yuyuan Garden.

"I was stunned, not knowing what happened. We tried to open doors and windows but couldn't. I felt smoke in the car," a passenger said shortly after being rescued from the train, Xinhua reported.

By Wednesday, 189 injured passengers had been discharged from hospital while another 95 were still receiving treatment, Shanghai health authorities said according to Xinhua.

It quoted doctors as saying most of the injuries were bruises and bone fractures, but that there were also external head traumas.Critical' issue

Speaking of a "dark day" for Shanghai Metro, the company vowed to hold an investigation into what happened.

But Chinese state media were quick to highlight the role of China's lightning development in the apparent safety lapses that led to the accident.

UN: World population to hit 7 billion

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The United Nations says mankind will confront greater challenges as the Earth's population is projected to reach 7 billion at the end of October.

The UN Population Fund announced the figure at a news conference on Wednesday in Tokyo.

It says the global population during the last 50 years has increased from 3 billion to 7 billion, which means an annual increase of 78 million.

The head of the UNPF office in Tokyo, Kiyoko Ikegami, said international cooperation will become indispensable for solving problems in a world with 7 billion people. She said it will become more difficult for developing countries to secure food, water and other natural resources.

Ikegami added that Japan will also be impacted by environmental problems caused by deforestation, which results from the need to secure resources for increasing numbers of people. She said Japan should recognize the population boom as a global issue.

The UNPF plans to hold symposiums and photo exhibits on the issue in various countries in October.

UK envoy to N.Korea comments on leadership change

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The outgoing British envoy to North Korea has suggested that the heir apparent to leader Kim Jong Il faces challenges in consolidating his power base.

Former ambassador Peter Hughes, who served in Pyongyang for 3 years, spoke to reporters in Seoul on Wednesday before returning to Britain.

Hughes commented on the North Korean leader's son, Kim Jong Un, who became the designated heir exactly a year ago.

He said the people of North Korea appear unconcerned about the succession, but that the practice of hereditary rule also lacks widespread support.

Hughes noted that a younger generation loyal to Kim Jong Un is on the rise within the Korean People's Army and the Korean Workers' Party, suggesting that the heir apparent has begun efforts to rejuvenate the country's leadership.

He added that the army chief of staff, Ri Yong Ho, would be appointed Kim Jong Un's guardian. Ri, who is in his 60s, was named vice chairman of the Central Military Commission last year despite being relatively young.

787 Dreamliner arrives in Tokyo

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The first delivery of US aircraft maker Boeing's revolutionary new 787 Dreamliner has arrived at Tokyo's Haneda Airport.

The mid-size passenger plane left Everett, Washington on Tuesday and landed in Japan on Wednesday morning.

Japanese carrier All Nippon Airways took delivery of the jet. The Dreamliner is built using lightweight carbon composite material, making it 20 percent more fuel efficient than conventional aircraft.

Japanese manufacturers made 35 percent of the plane's parts, including the main wings.

Bogeymen' of Egypt's revolution talk on film

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A serving Egyptian police officer describes firing tear gas into crowds of protesters trying to reach Tahrir Square during the country's revolution in January.

"I just had a job to do," he says. "I had my orders, a mission."

Another describes himself and fellow Central Security officers as "bogeymen."

"We suppressed people and made them feel terrorized," he admits. "But if I didn't do it, someone else would do it in my place."

These rarely-heard voices from Egypt's revolution appear in a documentary film called "Tahrir 2011: The Good, The Bad and The Politician," which has made waves at the Venice and Toronto International Film Festivals.

At its first ever screening, in Venice, the film won the C.I.C.T. UNESCO "Enrico Fulchignoni" Award.

A review in Hollywood Reporter: "Shot from the demonstrators' viewpoint, the first part of 'Tahrir 2011, The Good, the Bad and the Politician' captures the passion and excitement of the sit-ins in Cairo's Tahrir Square far better than Western TV cameras."

Egyptian elections to start Nov. 28

The film is divided into three sections by three different Egyptian directors, Tamer Ezzat, Ayten Amin and Amr Salama.

"The Good" covers stories of the protesters, "The Bad" is interviews with police officers and "The Politician" gives a light-hearted "10 steps to becoming a dictator" based on interviews with allies and opponents of former president Hosni Mubarak.

The police were often feared during Mubarak's time in power and some were accused of excessive violence in their attempts to suppress the revolution.

The government announced in July that it was firing hundreds of high-ranking police officers, including 27 accused of killing demonstrators during the revolt. A police officer accused of killing 20 protesters during a January 28 demonstration has been sentenced to death.

Amin, who directed the section on the police officers, said: "I met up with 12 officers and the one thing they all had in common was they were shaky and kept changing their minds about doing interviews.

"This was a few weeks after the events and they were being attacked everywhere. Some of them agreed to do it and on the morning of the interview I would get a message saying they couldn't do it."


Amin, 32, finally secured interviews with three serving officers and one retired officer. Some were filmed anonymously, while others gave their names.

She said: "All the officers had the idea they were protecting their country. That's what they were educated to believe.

"Some of them believed what they were doing was wrong, but that they had to follow orders.

"Out of six-hour interviews, the last 30 minutes was usually the most important because they finally became honest at the end. At the beginning they were just saying the things we knew from TV."

Egypt's banned graphic novel to be published in English

For his section on "The Good," Ezzat, 40, made use of footage supplied by members of the public to a hastily erected "media center" in Tahrir Square during the revolution.

Ezzat said: "By the end of the 18 days there was a wealth of material from the protestors themselves of the action.

"I tracked down some of the characters shown and took them back to the location of the events.

"I thought geography was very important to the story. Every character in my film reached the square by a different route and has a different story."

His characters included an upper-middle-class girl who had never been involved in activism before but witnessed the death of a protester next to her, a Muslim Brotherhood member, a doctor who helped set up a field hospital, and photographer who gave up his dream of a scholarship in Denmark to return to Egypt and document the revolution.

Ezzat said: "There was an endless number of interesting stories to tell. I wished my piece could have been much longer. I wanted to show the diversity of the participants."

The final section "The Politician," by Salama, uses interviews with opposition politicians such as Mohamed ElBaradei and author Alaa Al Aswany to delve into the psyche of Mubarak.

The directors all used their own experiences in their films.

Ezzat said: "There was an endless number of interesting stories to tell. I wished my piece could have been much longer. I wanted to show the diversity of the participants."

The final section "The Politician," by Salama, uses interviews with opposition politicians such as Mohamed ElBaradei and author Alaa Al Aswany to delve into the psyche of Mubarak.

The directors all used their own experiences in their films.

Egyptian film shines light on sexual harassment

Amin said: "January 25 was the first time I had ever been to a protest. I hadn't intended to go, but a friend called me and told me I should come.

"I live near Tahrir Square, so I walked there. During that first day there were 45,000 people and I had never seen crowds like that.

"After midnight, the police began to attack. We were running everywhere and some of my friends were arrested.

"I saw a police officer beating a guy. I couldn't believe all the violence. I think that's the reason I wanted to make the film."

She added: "I told one ex-officer that I was there and they were very violent. He told me at the time they didn't see the protesters as people."

Ezzat said: "During the 18 days, I forgot that I was a filmmaker because I was very emotionally involved as an Egyptian. At the end of the 18 days I remembered that I was a filmmaker."

EU 'faces its greatest challenge' - Jose Manuel Barroso

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The head of the European Commission has told Euro MPs that Greece will stay in the eurozone, but warned that the EU was facing its "greatest challenge".

Appealing for patience over the Greek debt crisis in his annual State of the Union address in Strasbourg, he said: "This is not a sprint but a marathon."

Proposing a controversial financial transactions tax and eurobonds, he urged greater economic integration.

There were new protests in Athens ahead of a visit by international lenders.

The so-called troika, made up of the European Commission, European Central Bank (ECB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), are assessing Greece's eligibility for further bailout money.

A key obstacle to the payment was removed on Tuesday when the Greek parliament passed a controversial new property tax bill, first announced earlier this month, that aims to boost revenues.

Outside parliament, on Syntagma Square, riot police fired tear gas, and reportedly used truncheons, to break up a protest by about 1,000 demonstrators.

Greek tweeters complained that local media were downplaying the force used by police to disperse anti-austerity protesters from the "indignant" movement.

"Strategy of police and government is obviously not to let people gather and demonstrate peacefully in Syntagma," tweeted one leading blogger, @irategreek.

Iran planning to send ships near U.S. waters

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Iran plans to send ships near the Atlantic coast of the United States, state-run Islamic Republic News Agency reported Tuesday, quoting a commander.

"The Navy of the Iranian Army will have a powerful presence near the United States borders," read the headline of the story, in Farsi.

"Commander of the Navy of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran broke the news about the plans for the presence of this force in the Atlantic Ocean and said that the same way that the world arrogant power is present near our marine borders, we, with the help of our sailors who follow the concept of the supreme jurisprudence, shall also establish a powerful presence near the marine borders of the United States," the story said. The reference to the "world arrogant power" was presumably intended to refer to the United States.

IRNA cited the force's website as saying that the announcement was made by Adm. Habibollah Sayari on the 31st anniversary of the Iran-Iraq war.

State-run Press TV said Sayari had announced similar plans in July. In February, two Iranian Navy ships traversed the Suez Canal in the first such voyages by Iranian ships since 1979.

U.S. Defense Department officials had no immediate reaction to Tuesday's announcement. The United States has deployed fleets to the Persian Gulf in the past.

State-run Press TV, citing IRNA, said Tuesday's announcement came as Iran also plans to send its 16th fleet of warships to the Gulf of Aden to protect Iranian vessels and oil tankers from pirates, who have hijacked dozens of ships and exchanged their crews for ransom.

The Islamic Republic has repeatedly assured that its military might poses no threat to other countries, stating that Tehran's defense doctrine is based only on deterrence, Press TV reported in a story in July about the deployment of submarines to international waters.

New arrest in Indian 'cash for votes' scandal

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A former aide of India's top opposition leader LK Advani, Sudheendra Kulkarni, has been arrested in connection with an alleged cash-for-votes scandal.

He is the sixth person to be arrested in the case. He denies any wrongdoing.

The most high-profile arrest so far has been of MP Amar Singh who is charged with offering cash to other MPs to abstain from a 2008 confidence vote.

Mr Kulkarni is alleged to have "master-minded" the operation. He says it was to expose corruption in the government.

Mr Kulkarni was an aide to senior Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader LK Advani at the time of the vote.

He told the court on Tuesday that he was "a whistleblower" who intended to expose corruption.

Police allege that Mr Kulkarni approached Mr Singh's Samajwadi Party - an ally of the Congress-led government at the time of the vote - to offer bribe to BJP MPs.

He then got a television channel to secretly film the alleged bribe giving in order to nail the government, police allege.

BJP members waved wads of money in the air in parliament at the time of the debate, alleging that they had been offered bribes to abstain.

Amar Singh - a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament - was arrested on 6 September along with two former BJP MPs.

Faggan Singh Kulaste and Mahavir Bhagora were BJP lawmakers at the time of the vote. They are accused of accepting the bribe money. Both men have denied the charge.

The government survived the July 2008 vote. If it had been lost, India would have faced early elections.

The scandal resurfaced in March when a leaked US diplomatic cable obtained by the Wikileaks website said the Congress party had bribed MPs to vote in favour of the nuclear deal.

The cable alleged that the MPs had been paid $2.5m (£1.5m) each to buy their support.

Five severed heads left outside Mexican school

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Mexican police have found five decomposing heads left in a sack outside a primary school in Acapulco.

Handwritten messages were also found, reportedly threatening the state governor as well as local drug lords.

It was not clear if the discovery of the heads and five decapitated bodies elsewhere in the city was linked to extortion threats against teachers.

Dozens of schools have been closed since last month after teachers went on strike over security concerns.

Police were called to a street in the Garita neighbourhood of Acapulco on Tuesday morning.

There they found a sack inside a wooden crate placed near the school, officers said.

Inside were the heads of five men, as well as the threatening messages.
Threats

Police had earlier discovered five headless bodies in another part of the city, left either inside or near a burned-out vehicle.

Acapulco, on Mexico's Pacific coast, has seen several episodes of gruesome violence as drug gangs fight for control of the resort city.
Sign on a school door in Acapulco saying: No classes until further notice The new school year has been disrupted

But as the government crackdown on cartels continues, criminal organisations here and in other parts of Mexico are fracturing and increasingly turning to extortion.

Last month, as the new school year began, dozens of teachers in Acapulco said criminal gangs had threatened them with violence if they did not hand over half their salaries from 1 October.

They and colleagues have since been on strike, leading to the closure of more than 100 schools.

Guerrero State Governor Angel Aguirre has promised a series of measures, including increased police patrols and the installation of security cameras and panic buttons in schools.

EU 'faces its greatest challenge' - Jose Manuel Barroso

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The head of the European Commission has told Euro MPs that Greece will stay in the eurozone, but warned that the EU was facing its "greatest challenge".

Appealing for patience over the Greek crisis in his annual State of the Union address in Strasbourg, he said: "This is not a sprint but a marathon."

Proposing a financial transactions tax and eurobonds, he called for greater economic integration.

International lenders are due in Athens to assess its progress on cutting debt.

The so-called troika, made up of the European Commission, European Central Bank (ECB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), hold the key to releasing further bailout money the country badly needs.

Reports have emerged of a split among eurozone members about further support for Greece.

Citing "senior European officials", the Financial Times said a number of the bloc's 17 members wanted private investors to take a bigger hit in the proposed restructuring of Greece's debts.

Germany will continue to help Greece

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German Chancellor Angela Merkel has expressed her intention to continue helping Greece.

The German leader and Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou held a joint news conference prior to their meeting in Berlin on Tuesday.

Papandreou said the people of Greece are enduring hardships and that it is important for them to receive a positive signal from a European partner.

Merkel praised Greece's efforts and expressed her intention to keep supporting the country.

Germany has already extended over 150 billion dollars to the euro rescue fund. To help Greece further, Germany must increase that amount by a factor of 1 point 7.

German lawmakers will vote on expanding the rescue fund on Thursday. But criticism of the expansion is mounting, even within the ruling coalition.

US commander: Kadena merger not on the table

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The US Pacific Command chief says merging the US Marine Corps' Futenma Air Station with another base in Okinawa Prefecture is not being considered at present.

Admiral Robert Willard told reporters at a news conference in Washington on Tuesday that the Pacific Command is not currently recommending the integration of Futenma's functions into Kadena Air Force Base.

Willard said the US is well aware of the opposition by local communities to any additions to Kadena.

US Deputy Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter had said earlier this month that merging Futenma's functions into Kadena remains "on the table" as a way forward for the stalled plan to reduce the US military's burden on Okinawa.

Willard's latest remark suggests that the US military is not studying the option seriously.

The merger was proposed by a group of influential US senators, including the Chairman of the Armed Services Committee, Carl Levin.

Regarding Russia's increased military activities north of Japan, Willard noted that Russia is apparently trying to revive its presence in the Pacific that had diminished after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Medvedev to increase Russian defense spending

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Russian President Dmitry Medvedev says he will increase his country's defense spending to replace more than one-third of its arsenal with the most advanced equipment in 4 years.

Medvedev met senior military officials on Tuesday after watching a military drill in Chelyabinsk in the Ural region.

He said Russia needs a huge defense budget, as it is a very large country that possesses nuclear weapons.

Medvedev said that as supreme commander in chief, he will always insist that defense spending is Russia's top priority.

He also said those who disagree with this must work somewhere else.

On Monday, he fired Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin for criticizing his decision to increase defense spending.

Medvedev's comments follow the weekend announcement that he and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin will swap jobs in the presidential election in March

US consumers down on job market

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The latest US consumer survey shows that people feel jobs are as hard to find today as they were 28 years ago.

The US research firm, the Conference Board, surveyed 5,000 consumers earlier this month.

Those saying that jobs are hard to find rose to 50 percent, the worst level since May of 1983. The figure stood at 48.5 percent last month.

Meanwhile, the US consumer confidence index stood at 45.4 in September against a reference value of 100 for 1985. This is almost unchanged from August.

The survey results show that US citizens remain critical over jobs and consumer spending, which make up the backbone of the economy.

Michael Jackson manslaughter trial starts

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In Los Angeles, the trial of the doctor charged with involuntary manslaughter in the death of pop-star Michael Jackson has begun.

The doctor, Conrad Murray, is accused of causing Jackson's sudden death 2 years ago by giving him an excessive dose of an anesthetic.

In opening arguments on Tuesday, prosecutors accused Conrad of giving Jackson too much of the drug. They also said he failed to call an ambulance promptly when Jackson fell unconscious.

Prosecutors played an audio tape of Jackson about a month-and-a-half before his death. He talked about impressing his fans with a comeback, and his speech was slurred.

Prosecutors said Conrad was aware of the pop-star's medical condition.

Conrad denied the charges. He argued that Jackson was addicted to anesthetics and had given himself extra medication.

A ruling is expected in late October or early November.

North Korea calls for continued dialogue with US

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North Korea has called for continued dialogue with the United States as efforts intensify toward resuming the six-party talks on the country's nuclear program.

Deputy Foreign Minister Pak Kil Yon addressed the UN General Assembly in New York on Tuesday.

Pak said the US is the main party responsible for and capable of removing the root cause of tensions on the Korean Peninsula.

He said the US should move toward full-fledged dialogue with North Korea based on a long-term perspective.

Pak's remark seems to indicate the North's eagerness to meet with the US. The 2 sides last held direct talks in July and are expected to meet again in October.
Pak also reiterated his country's call for unconditional resumption of the six-party talks.

The US, Japan and South Korea have said the talks cannot restart until the North takes concrete steps toward denuclearization. The steps include immediately halting its uranium enrichment program and accepting inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Top nuclear envoys from North and South Korea met in Beijing to discuss the issue last week.

Shanghai subways halted for safety checks

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The operator of the Shanghai subway system has suspended some services in order to conduct safety checks a day after a collision injured more than 270 people.

A train rear-ended another on Shanghai's Number 10 subway line on Tuesday. The operator allowed services to resume only about 4 hours after the accident.

But in an about-face, it decided to halt services in some sections, including the crash site, first thing Wednesday morning.

The operator said it wants to put safety first and will re-inspect all related facilities.

It said the decision was reached in line with demands by a team of expert investigators.

The Shanghai subway line uses a signal system made by the same company implicated in the fatal high-speed railway crash in July. Forty people died in that accident.

In addition, a system failure on the same subway line in late July caused a train to suddenly start moving in the opposite direction.

The people of Shanghai are voicing concerns over repeated problems with the railway systems.

One subway user says Tuesday's accident could have been avoided if proper safety management was in place.

Another said it's worrying to know that the subway line and the high-speed railway line use the same signal system.

Australia lifts restrictions for women in combat roles

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Australian women will soon be able to serve alongside their male counterparts in front-line combat roles -- a notable shift in the push for gender equality in professions historically dominated by men.

The change will be phased in over a five-year period, Australia's government announced Tuesday.

Ultimately, women will be allowed to apply to serve as Navy ordnance disposal divers, airfield and ground defense guards, and in infantry, artillery, and armored units, according to the Australian Defence Ministry.

Government officials insist that women will be judged in the same manner as men: not on their gender, but on their ability to do the job.

''I was just elated" by the news, said Australian servicewoman Natalie Sambhi, according to a story in the Sydney Morning Herald. "'To serve on the front line ... (is) something I've wanted so badly."

As of last month, 335 women were serving in the Australian military's international military operations -- 10% of that country's total overseas deployment.

Australia's decision will make it one of only a few countries in the developed world with no restrictions for women in combat.

Canada, Germany, South Korea, France, Spain, New Zealand, Denmark and Israel formally allow women to serve in combat roles, according to the Strategic Studies Institute and the Israel Defense Forces.

In the U.S. military, women are barred from units that engage in direct combat on the ground. Regardless, some American women have served in combat situations with ground units in Iraq and Afghanistan -- a reflection of the changing nature of warfare and the disappearance of the kind of front lines that existed in conflicts such as World War II and Korea.

Among other things, the U.S. military has created teams of female Marines and soldiers who patrol with their male counterparts in Iraq and Afghanistan, and interact with local women in ways that the military said would be culturally unacceptable for male soldiers.

In Iraq, American female soldiers trained as cooks also were awarded combat action badges after being pressed into duty in other areas that exposed them to battle, according to the U.S. Military Leadership Diversity Commission, which has proposed ending the ban on women serving in direct combat roles.

More than 140 American women have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to the Pentagon.

Under current Defense Department rules, U.S. women are only allowed to serve as combat fighter pilots, aboard Navy ships and in certain support roles that are likely to expose them to combat situations.

The U.S. Navy announced in April that it intends to open up jobs aboard submarines to women as well.

A 2008 armed forces survey found that 85% of female service members had been deployed to a combat zone or drew extra pay funneled to members of the military who serve in dangerous or hostile areas.

The formal "U.S. policy on utilization of women has been based on old (outdated) Cold War concepts of what wars look like," said Lory Manning of the Washington-based Women's Research and Education Institute.

But "the Australian policy on women has been very similar to the U.S. policy over the years," she added. "It's my guess that the U.S. will be creeping that way too. ... I think (the United States will) at least bring the policy up to match the reality."

'M' word on lips of MJ fans vying to get inside doctor's trial

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They came seeking justice as the sun rose Tuesday over a courthouse in the heart of downtown Los Angeles made famous by its celebrity trials -- O.J. Simpson, Snoop Dogg, Phil Spector.

But there were almost as many definitions of justice as there were justice seekers. Some shouted "Murderer!" as the defendant, Conrad Murray, arrived at the Clara Foltz Justice Center for the start of his involuntary manslaughter trial in the death of pop superstar Michael Jackson.

"Dr. Murray," corrected Beatrice Fakhrian, a supporter of the defendant. "He has earned that title."

So began the long-anticipated trial of the personal physician accused of causing the death of one of the most famous people in the world. More than 100 people from France, Spain and Australia, as well as the far-flung suburbs of Los Angeles, crowded into the dingy courthouse plaza, jockeying for a chance at one of just six courtroom seats, or to say their piece in front of television cameras.Some read psalms, some handed out sunflowers, some chanted "Justice for Michael," and many of them carried signs, transforming a wall outside the courthouse into an international billboard.

"Bulgaria Loves MJ," one sign said. So do the Netherlands, Romania and Malaysia, according to the signed posters taped to the wall.A doctor in a while coat preached about safe ways to administer anesthesia.

A Michael Jackson impersonator preened for the cameras.

"Even in death, Michael Jackson can draw a crowd," said Najee Ali, a Los Angeles civil rights activist who grew up in Jackson's hometown, Gary, Indiana. Ali was the force behind the "Caravan of Love" to support Jackson when he was acquitted in Santa Barbara of child molestation charges in 2005.

Julie Jenkins, 31, came from Australia and was rewarded by winning the lottery for one of the courtroom seats available to the public. She has been a Michael Jackson fan since she was 7 and wore black jeans, a red shirt, a black armband and aviator sunglasses in honor of her idol.

"For me, it represents the first time I saw him in person," she said, explaining her get-up, which was vaguely reminiscent of Jackson¹s look during his "History" tour. "It also represents blood, because we think he was murdered."

She pounded a closed fist over her chest.

That sentiment is shared by many of Jackson's fans, although Murray is charged with the less serious offense of involuntary manslaughter. He is accused of giving Jackson a lethal dose of the powerful anesthetic propofol to help him sleep as the pop star prepared for his comeback "This is It" concerts in June 2009.

Defense: Michael Jackson caused his own deathMurder also is a major theme for the group "Justice4MJ," which was out in force on Tuesday, leading the crowd in chants of "Justice for Michael" as Jackson's family walked into the courthouse.

Erin Jacobs, one of the group's outspoken leaders, also won a seat for the trial's first day. She has attended every pretrial hearing, and was tossed out of court last week during jury selection after getting into a staring contest with Murray.

She said she hadn't slept. Like her idol, "I experienced insomnia last night," she said. "I have been a fan my whole life. This is my passion, to work for Michael."

Court officials warned Jacobs she would have to cover up her T-shirt in court. If she flashed her "Justice4MJ" logo, she'd lose her seat and be banned for the rest of the trial.

Karlene Taylor, 49, wanted a seat so badly she couldn't sleep. She has been a Jackson fan since she was 8. "I remember 'ABC' Michael," she said. Alas, the lottery gods did not smile on her Tuesday.

Robyn Starkand and Betty Byrnes of the fan group "Call for Love" handed out sunflowers, hoping to lead a respectful vigil on the courthouse steps, complete with songs and prayers. But they were upstaged by a Michael Jackson look-alike.

They started with "Heal the World," but the voices soon waned, and Jackson impersonator Goward Horton stepped in with his version of "Man in the Mirror," complete with Jackson's distinctive yips and squeaks.

"They've turned it into the Goward show," Starkand groused. "This is really serious. It's not the time for a Michael Jackson impersonator."

Typhoon affects tens of thousands in Philippines

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On the heels of a typhoon that left at least 19 people dead in the Philippines, another tropical storm brewing in the Pacific is expected to hit the area within 24 hours, according to the state weather bureau.

Typhoon Nesat -- referred to in the Philippines as Pedring -- displaced thousands but is expected to move offshore Wednesday afternoon, the state-run Philippines News Agency reported.

A baby boy was among the 19 dead after Typhoon Nesat slammed into the Philippines on Tuesday, authorities said.

Four people were reported killed in metro Manila, two in Central Luzon, and one in Catanduanes, the Office of Civil Defense said. Three more were reported injured and four were missing as of Tuesday afternoon.

Pedring, struck the agricultural provinces of Isabela and Aurora the hardest. But storm alerts were also issued for more than 40 other areas, including metro Manila, the state weather bureau Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) said.More than 64,000 people have been affected by the typhoon, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) said, with several thousand families now being helped in evacuation centers.

More than 100 people were rescued across the country, the council said, many of them from boats.

In Albay, in southern Luzon, more than 3,000 people were affected, the state-run news agency said early Wednesday.

The storm was centered about 300 kilometers (186 miles) northwest of Baguio City, in northwestern Luzon, the state-run news agency said.

The presidential palace announced the suspension of all classes for schools and work for government agencies in Manila and other affected areas. The Philippine Stock Exchange also suspended trading.

Some roads around Manila were impassable due to flooding and falling debris, including branches that had been ripped off trees.

Several areas in Metro Manila and nearby provinces were without electricity as the powerful storm cut power and transmission lines.

 
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